| TITLE |
Exploring the Dual Burden of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Complications, and Future Directions |
| ABSTRACT |
The increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide encompasses both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM and T2DM), each with distinct etiological pathways and overlapping complications. T1DM is largely defined by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic ?-cells, predominantly influenced by genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers, resulting in lifelong insulin dependency. In contrast, T2DM arises primarily from insulin resistance and progressive ?-cell dysfunction—factors closely associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome, yet modulated by genetic and environmental contributors. Notably, these disorders converge through shared clinical outcomes, including persistent hyperglycemia, increased risk of cardiovascular and micro-vascular complications, and emerging “double diabetes” cases, where T1DM patients develop insulin resistance due to similar lifestyle and metabolic challenges as seen in T2DM. This overlap highlights the shifting landscape of diabetes management and the limitations of traditional dichotomous classification. Effective diabetes care now requires integrated, patient-centered strategies that address both unique subtypes and their common complications, while also considering the dynamic trajectory from isolated insulin deficiency to combined insulin resistance. The evolving understanding of the dual burden of T1DM and T2DM mandates renewed focus on early diagnosis, prevention of complications, and the development of novel therapies to improve long-term outcomes for all individuals affected by diabetes. |
| AUTHOR |
Murtaza Ahmed, Imanshu, Achla Sharma, Dr. Deepika Bhatia
School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India |
| PUBLICATION DATE |
2025-11-20 17:58:22 |
| VOLUME |
13 |
| ISSUE |
4 |
| DOI |
DOI: 10.15662/IJMSERH.2025.1304014 |
| PDF |
pdf/2025/10/14_Exploring the Dual Burden of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Causes, Complications, and Future Directions.pdf |
| KEYWORDS |
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